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催全球 >  外贸资讯 > 
​2025年全球政府债务与GDP比率图览​

​2025年全球政府债务与GDP比率图览​

风险预警
2025-11-04

来源:Visual Capitalist

数据来源:国际货币基金组织(IMF)《世界经济展望》(2025年10月)

发布日期:2025 年 10 月 28 日 

 

 

核心要点

 

  • 2025年全球政府债务占GDP比率上升2.3个百分点至94.7%,但仍低于2020年疫情期间98.7%的峰值。

     

  • 日本以230%的负债率位居全球首位,苏丹(222%)和新加坡(176%)紧随其后。

     

  • 中国债务率在2025年上升八个百分点至96%,增幅居主要经济体之首。

 


 

全球债务分布全景

 

本图表可视化2025年各国政府总债务占GDP的百分比,覆盖190多个经济体。数据显示:

 

负债率最低的经济体为中国澳门(0%),最高为日本(230%)。

 

Country/Region
General government gross debt in 2025 (Percent of GDP)
Japan
230%
Sudan
222%
Singapore
176%
Venezuela
164%
Lebanon
164%
Greece
147%
Bahrain
143%
Italy
137%
Maldives
132%
Mozambique
131%
United States
125%
Senegal
123%
France
117%
Zambia
115%
Canada
114%
Ukraine
109%
Belgium
108%
Cabo Verde
106%
Bhutan
106%
United Kingdom
103%
Sri Lanka
101%
Spain
100%
Barbados
100%
China, People's Republic of
96%
Dominica
96%
Saint Vincent and the Grenadines
94%
Bolivia
94%
Congo, Republic of
93%
Brazil
91%
Portugal
91%
Lao P.D.R.
91%
Jordan
90%
Suriname
89%
Mauritius
88%
El Salvador
88%
Egypt
87%
Finland
87%
Austria
82%
India
81%
Tunisia
81%
Malawi
80%
Argentina
79%
South Africa
77%
Saint Lucia
77%
Fiji
77%
Gabon
76%
Guinea-Bissau
76%
Hungary
75%
Gambia, The
74%
Bahamas, The
74%
Rwanda
73%
Togo
72%
Pakistan
72%
Yemen
71%
Malaysia
70%
Israel
69%
Kenya
68%
Grenada
68%
Morocco
67%
Aruba
67%
Slovenia
67%
Uruguay
67%
South Sudan, Republic of
66%
Antigua and Barbuda
66%
West Bank and Gaza
66%
Trinidad and Tobago
65%
Thailand
65%
Belize
65%
Germany
64%
Namibia
64%
Myanmar
64%
Palau
63%
San Marino
63%
Angola
62%
Saint Kitts and Nevis
62%
Romania
61%
Montenegro
61%
Dominican Republic
60%
Poland
60%
Costa Rica
60%
Panama
60%
Slovak Republic
60%
Jamaica
59%
Ghana
59%
Colombia
59%
Mexico
59%
Philippines
58%
Cyprus
58%
Central African Republic
57%
Lesotho
57%
Croatia
57%
Seychelles
57%
Liberia
56%
Côte d'Ivoire
56%
Albania
54%
Algeria
54%
Ecuador
54%
Armenia
53%
Korea, Republic of
53%
Burkina Faso
53%
New Zealand
53%
Iraq
53%
North Macedonia
53%
Uganda
52%
Pacific Islands
52%
São Tomé and Príncipe
51%
Australia
51%
Benin
51%
Papua New Guinea
50%
Madagascar
50%
Tanzania
50%
Nepal
49%
Mali
49%
Vanuatu
49%
Iceland
47%
Latvia
47%
Malta
47%
Ethiopia
47%
Mongolia
47%
Honduras
45%
Zimbabwe
45%
Czech Republic
44%
Netherlands
44%
Serbia
44%
Eswatini
43%
Chile
43%
Norway
43%
Guinea
42%
Niger
42%
Lithuania
42%
Paraguay
42%
Mauritania
41%
Sierra Leone
41%
Indonesia
41%
Qatar
41%
Bangladesh
40%
Burundi
40%
Nicaragua
39%
Botswana
39%
Cameroon
38%
Kyrgyz Republic
38%
Moldova
38%
Switzerland
37%
Equatorial Guinea
37%
Nigeria
36%
Belarus
36%
Iran
36%
Oman
35%
Georgia
34%
Sweden
34%
United Arab Emirates
34%
Ireland
33%
Peru
32%
Vietnam
32%
Andorra
32%
Tonga
32%
Chad
32%
Uzbekistan
31%
Bosnia and Herzegovina
31%
Djibouti
31%
Comoros
30%
Denmark
30%
Saudi Arabia
29%
Guyana
29%
Bulgaria
28%
Cambodia
28%
Luxembourg
27%
Guatemala
27%
Kazakhstan
25%
Estonia
24%
Türkiye, Republic of
24%
Solomon Islands
24%
Taiwan Province of China
23%
Russian Federation
23%
Azerbaijan
22%
Tajikistan
22%
Samoa
21%
Congo, Dem. Rep. of the
19%
Puerto Rico
18%
Kosovo
18%
Nauru
15%
Timor-Leste
14%
Haiti
12%
Hong Kong SAR
12%
Marshall Islands
11%
Micronesia, Fed. States of
9%
Afghanistan
9%
Kiribati
9%
Kuwait
7%
Turkmenistan
4%
Tuvalu
4%
Brunei Darussalam
2%
Liechtenstein
1%
Macao SAR
0%

 

新兴经济体中,巴西(92%)、印度(83%)、俄罗斯(18%)债务率低于全球均值。

 

趋势解读

 

尽管全球债务负担持续加重,但2025年增幅较疫情期间显著放缓。中国债务率跃升主要源于地方政府融资平台债务扩张及经济刺激政策,而日本高负债则反映其长期依赖国债应对人口老龄化压力的结构性困境。

 

Data sources

 

https://www.imf.org/external/datamapper/GGXWDG_NGDP@WEO/OEMDC/ADVEC/WEOWORLD

https://www.visualcapitalist.com/mapped-government-debt-to-gdp-by-country-in-2025/

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